File Operations
- ls -laList all files detailed
- cp src destCopy file
- mv src destMove/rename file
- rm fileRemove file
- rm -rf dirRemove dir recursive
- touch fileCreate empty file
- cat fileDisplay file contents
Directory Operations
- pwdPrint working directory
- cd dirChange directory
- cd ..Go up one level
- cd ~Go to home
- cd -Previous directory
- mkdir dirCreate directory
- mkdir -p a/b/cCreate nested dirs
- chmod 755 filerwxr-xr-x
- chmod 644 filerw-r--r--
- chmod +x fileAdd execute
- chown user fileChange owner
- chown user:grp fileChange owner/group
- chgrp group fileChange group
Process Management
- ps auxList all processes
- topInteractive process viewer
- htopEnhanced top
- kill PIDKill process by ID
- kill -9 PIDForce kill
- pkill nameKill by name
- bg / fgBackground/foreground
Network
- ip addrShow IP addresses
- ifconfigNetwork interfaces
- ping hostPing host
- curl urlFetch URL
- wget urlDownload file
- netstat -tulpnList ports
- ss -tulpnSocket stats
Disk & Storage
- df -hDisk space usage
- du -sh dirDirectory size
- du -sh *Size of each item
- mountShow mounted filesystems
- lsblkList block devices
- fdisk -lList partitions
Search & Find
- find . -name "*.txt"Find files by name
- find . -type dFind directories
- grep "text" fileSearch in file
- grep -r "text" .Recursive search
- grep -i "text"Case insensitive
- which cmdLocate command
- locate fileFind file fast
Archives & Compression
- tar -cvf a.tar dirCreate tar
- tar -xvf a.tarExtract tar
- tar -czvf a.tar.gzCreate gzipped
- tar -xzvf a.tar.gzExtract gzipped
- zip -r a.zip dirCreate zip
- unzip a.zipExtract zip
System Info
- uname -aSystem info
- hostnameHostname
- uptimeSystem uptime
- free -hMemory usage
- lscpuCPU info
- cat /etc/os-releaseOS version
Text Processing
- head -n 10 fileFirst 10 lines
- tail -n 10 fileLast 10 lines
- tail -f fileFollow file
- wc -l fileCount lines
- sort fileSort lines
- uniqUnique lines
- cut -d: -f1Cut columns
- whoamiCurrent user
- idUser ID info
- sudo cmdRun as root
- su - userSwitch user
- passwdChange password
- useradd userAdd user
- usermod -aG grp usrAdd to group
Package Management
Debian/Ubuntu (apt)
- apt updateUpdate package list
- apt upgradeUpgrade packages
- apt install pkgInstall package
- apt remove pkgRemove package
- apt search pkgSearch packages
RHEL/Fedora (dnf/yum)
- dnf check-updateCheck for updates
- dnf upgradeUpgrade packages
- dnf install pkgInstall package
- dnf remove pkgRemove package
- dnf search pkgSearch packages